Topic D02 Introduction to Linux

  •  Linux is an operating system.
  • An operating system is software that manages all of the hardware resources associated with a desktop or laptop.
  • The OS manages the communication between your software and your hardware. Without the OS, the software would not function.
  • To manage files, we can use two methods:
    • Terminal (Command Line Interface - CLI)
    • File manager (Graphical User Interface-GUI).
Some compelling uses of Command Line Interface (CLI):
  • Commands offer more options and are flexible.
  • Some configurations in GUI are 5 screens deep while in CLI it is just a single command.
  • CLI loads fast and do not consume RAM as compared to GUI.
There are two ways to launch CLI on Ubuntu:
  • Go to search and type terminal
  • CTRL + ALT + T
$ sign suggests that you are working as a regular user in Linux.
"#" is displayed while working as a root user.

Present Working Directory
  • Directory which is currently browsing is called the Present working directory.
  • if we want to check the directory we are currently working on, we can use the command pwd.
  • pwd stands for print working directory.
Changing Directories
  • To change the current directory we are working on, we can use the "cd" command.
  • To navigate to the home directory, we can just type in "cd" in the terminal and type enter.
  • To move up one directory level, we can use the command "cd.."

Path
Path in computing can be defined as the address of a file or a folder.
There are two kinds of path:
  • Relative path
  • Absolute path
Absolute Path
  • In absolute path, we need to type or specify the whole path to reach the file.
Relative Path
  • It comes in handy when browsing another sub-directory within a given directory
  • Saves us the effort from the effort to type complete paths all the time.
  • Do no have to specify the complete path to reach a specific location within the same directory in the file system.
Accessing Hardware Information
  • Disk Space Usage: <df -h> it displays the mounted filesystem disk usage.
  • Memory : <free -h> displays the RAM and virtual memory information.
  • CPU details : <lscpu> displays the PCI devices list and its information.
  • Peripheral Component Interconnection (PCI) Devices: <ispci>, it displays the PCI devices list and its information.

   

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