Fundamentals of Computing

 Client-server architecture is a network model where computers, or clients, request and receive services or resources from a centralized server. Clients initiate requests, and servers process and fulfill them. This architecture enhances scalability, efficiency, and resource management in distributed computing, commonly seen in web applications and database systems. Clients and servers are key components in a client-server architecture, and they have distinct roles and characteristics: 1. Client:    - Initiates requests for services or resources.    - Typically has a user interface for interaction.    - Examples include web browsers, email clients, and mobile apps.    - Relies on servers to provide requested data or services. 2. Server:    - Listens for and processes incoming client requests.    - Stores and manages data or services to be provided to clients.    - Often operates in the background without a user in...

Process A process is a set of instructions that is loaded in a memory.  A process in Linux is nothing but a running program. Each process will have a unique process ID (PID) and other resources, like memory and CPU time. A process can be in only one state at an instance. They can be of the following instances: Running: It is executing the code currently. Ready: It is ready to be executed but is waiting for CPU time. Sleeping: It is temporarily stopped so that other processes are finished first. Stopped: The process is stopped by the system or the user. Zombie: The execution is completed but it still has an entry in the process table. Process Management ps - report a snapshot of the current process. ps -a -- All terminals ps -e -- List of all the processes ps -o --(customer properties) ps -ao --tty, comm, pid, %mem, %cpu top - real-time process monitor that displays the information about all running processes. kill - it is used to stop a process Network Configuration ifconfig o...