G01-Client Server Architecture

 Client-server architecture is a network model where computers, or clients, request and receive services or resources from a centralized server. Clients initiate requests, and servers process and fulfill them. This architecture enhances scalability, efficiency, and resource management in distributed computing, commonly seen in web applications and database systems.

Clients and servers are key components in a client-server architecture, and they have distinct roles and characteristics:


1. Client:

   - Initiates requests for services or resources.

   - Typically has a user interface for interaction.

   - Examples include web browsers, email clients, and mobile apps.

   - Relies on servers to provide requested data or services.


2. Server:

   - Listens for and processes incoming client requests.

   - Stores and manages data or services to be provided to clients.

   - Often operates in the background without a user interface.

   - Examples include web servers, database servers, and email servers.


In summary, clients request services, while servers provide those services, manage data, and respond to client requests in a client-server architecture.


Advantages of the Client-Server model:

Centralized system with all data in a single place.

Cost efficiency requires less maintenance cost and Data recovery is possible.

The capacity of the Client and Servers can be changed separately.


Disadvantages of Client-Server model:

Clients are prone to viruses, Trojans, and worms if present in the Server or uploaded into the Server.

Servers are prone to Denial of Service (DOS) attacks.

Data packets may be spoofed or modified during transmission.

Phishing or capturing login credentials or other useful information of the user are common and MITM (Man in the Middle) attacks are common.


Certainly, here's a more focused explanation of the 1-tier, 2-tier, and 3-tier client-server architectures:



1. 1-Tier Architecture (Single-Tier Architecture):

   - In a 1-tier architecture, there is only one layer or tier, and all components (user interface, business logic, and data storage) reside on a single machine.

   - It's typically used in small, simple applications where all the processing occurs locally.

   - There is no distinction between clients and servers as everything runs on a single device.

   - It's common in standalone applications like simple desktop games or basic spreadsheet software.


2. 2-Tier Architecture (Two-Tier Architecture):

   - In a 2-tier architecture, there are two primary layers: the client and the server.

   - The client handles the user interface and local processing, while the server manages data storage and retrieval.

   - This architecture is often used in applications where data needs to be shared between multiple clients. For example, a desktop application that connects to a centralized database server.


3. 3-Tier Architecture (Three-Tier Architecture):

   - A 3-tier architecture adds an additional layer, creating three distinct tiers: presentation (client), application (middleware), and data (server).

   - The presentation layer handles the user interface and user interactions.

   - The application layer contains business logic and processing, often on a separate server.

   - The data layer stores and manages the data and databases.

   - A 3-tier architecture is common in web applications, where the web browser (client) communicates with an application server that handles processing and data retrieval from a database server. It offers better separation of concerns and scalability compared to 2-tier architectures.


Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources over the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services- including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence-over the Internet ("the cloud") to offer faster innovation, flexible resource, and economies of scale.

Cloud computing is a popular option for people and businesses for a number of reasons including cost savings, increased productivity, speed and efficiency, performance, and security.

Cloud Computing Service Model:

IAAS: Infrastructure As a Service is a means of delivering computing infrastructure as on-demand services. It allows dynamic scaling, and the resources are distributed as a service. It generally includes multiple users on a single piece of hardware.

PAAS: Platform As a Service (PAAS) is a cloud delivery model for applications composed of services managed by a third party. It provides elastic scaling of your application which allows developers to build applications and services over the internet and the deployment models include public, private and hybrid.

SAAS: Software As a Service (SAAS) allows users to run existing online applications and it is a model software that is deployed as a hosting service and is accessed over Output Rephrased/Re-written Text the internet or software delivery model during which software and its associated data are hosted centrally and accessed using their client, usually an online browser over the web. SAAS services are used for the development and deployment of modern applications.

The famous streaming apps Samuh and Netflix are common examples of software as a service.


Is Cloud Computing Safe?

Since software and data are stored remotely in cloud computing, data security and platform security are a big concern.

Measures to protect this data include two-factor authorization, using VPNs, security tokens, data encryptions, firewall services, and many more.



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